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About the Decimal to Floating-Point Converter
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This is a decimal to binary floating-point converter. It will convert a decimal number to its nearest single-precision and double-precision IEEE 754 binary floating-point number, using round-half-to-even rounding (the default IEEE rounding mode). It is implemented with arbitrary-precision arithmetic, so its conversions are correctly rounded. It will convert both normal and subnormal numbers, and will convert numbers that overflow (to infinity) or underflow (to zero).
The resulting floating-point number can be displayed in ten forms: in decimal, in binary, in normalized decimal scientific notation, in normalized binary scientific notation, as a normalized decimal times a power of two, as a decimal integer times a power of two, as a decimal integer times a power of ten, as a hexadecimal floating-point constant, in raw binary, and in raw hexadecimal. Each form represents the exact value of the floating-point number.
Why Use This Converter?
This converter will show you why numbers in your computer programs, like 0.1, do not behave as you’d expect.
Inside the computer, most numbers with a decimal point can only be approximated; another number, just a tiny bit away from the one you want, must stand in for it. For example, in single-precision floating-point, 0.1 becomes 0.100000001490116119384765625. If your program is printing 0.1, it is lying to you; if it is printing 0.100000001, it’s still lying, but at least it’s telling you you really don’t have 0.1.
How to Use This Converter
Input
- Enter a positive or negative number, either in standard (e.g., 134.45) or exponent (e.g., 1.3445e2) form. Indicate fractional values with a decimal point (‘.’), and do not use commas. Essentially, you can enter what a computer program accepts as a floating-point literal, except without any suffix (like ‘f’).
- Check the boxes for the IEEE precision you want; choose Double, Single, or both. (Double is the default.) Double means a 53-bit significand (less if subnormal) with an 11-bit exponent; Single means a 24-bit significand (less if subnormal) with an 8-bit exponent.
- Check the boxes for any output format you want; choose one or all ten. (Decimal is the default.)
- Click ‘Convert’ to convert.
- Click ‘Clear’ to reset the form and start from scratch.
If you want to convert another number, just type over the original number and click ‘Convert’ — there is no need to click ‘Clear’ first.
Output
There are ten output forms to choose from:
- Decimal: Display the floating-point number in decimal. (Expand output box, if necessary, to see all digits.)
- Binary: Display the floating-point number in binary. (Expand output box, if necessary, to see all digits.)
- Normalized decimal scientific notation: Display the floating-point number in decimal, but compactly, using normalized scientific notation. (Expand output box, if necessary, to see all digits.)
- Normalized binary scientific notation: Display the floating-point number in binary, but compactly, using normalized binary scientific notation.
- Note: subnormal numbers are shown normalized, with their actual exponent.
- Normalized decimal times a power of two: Display the floating-point number in a hybrid normalized scientific notation, as a normalized decimal number times a power of two.
- Decimal integer times a power of two: Display the floating-point number as a decimal integer times a power of two. (The binary representation of the decimal integer is the bit pattern of the floating-point representation, less trailing zeros.) This form is most interesting for negative exponents, since it represents the floating-point number as a dyadic fraction.
- Decimal integer times a power of ten: Display the floating-point number as a decimal integer times a power of ten. This form is most interesting for negative exponents, since it represents the floating-point number as a fraction. (Expand output box, if necessary, to see all digits.)
- Hexadecimal floating-point constant: Display the floating-point number as a hexadecimal floating-point constant.
- Note: There are many ways to format hexadecimal floating-point constants, as you would see if, for example, you compared the output of Java, Visual C++, gcc C, and Python programs. The differences across various languages are superficial though — trailing zeros may or may not be shown, positive exponents may or may not have a plus sign, etc. This converter formats the constants without trailing zeros and without plus signs.
- Note: Like many programming languages, this converter shows subnormal numbers unnormalized, with their exponents set to the minimum normal exponent.
- Note: The last hexadecimal digit in a hexadecimal floating-point constant may have trailing binary 0s within; this doesn’t necessarily imply those bits exist in the selected IEEE format.
- Raw binary: Display the floating-point number in its raw IEEE format (sign bit followed by the exponent field followed by the significand field).
- Raw hexadecimal: Display the floating-point number in its raw IEEE format, equivalent to the raw binary format but expressed compactly in hexadecimal.
(See here for more details on these output forms.) Ifinance 4 4 4.
There are two output flags:
- Inexact: If checked, this shows that the conversion was inexact; that is, it had to be rounded to an approximation of the input number. (The conversion is inexact when the decimal output does not match the decimal input, but this is a quicker way to tell.)
- Note: This converter flags overflow to infinity and underflow to zero as inexact.
- Subnormal: If checked, this shows that the number was too small, and converted with less than full precision (the actual precision is shown in parentheses).
![Raw Raw](https://www.2carpros.com/images/articles/original/computer.jpg)
Implementation
I wrote this converter from scratch — it does not rely on native conversion functions like strtod() or strtof() or printf(). Taskpaper 3 7 7 – simple to do list. It is based on the big integer based algorithm I describe in my article “Correct Decimal To Floating-Point Using Big Integers”. I’ve implemented it using BCMath.
Limits
Raw Converter Software
For practical reasons, I’ve set an arbitrary (somewhat) limit on the length of the decimal input; you’ll get an error message if you hit it. This will filter inputs that would otherwise overflow to infinity or underflow to zero, but it will also prevent you from entering some “hard” halfway rounding cases. (For the record though, this converter accepts all the hard examples I’ve discussed on my site.) For all inputs that are accepted however, the output is correct (notwithstanding any bugs escaping my extensive testing).
This JPG converter can convert various image files to JPG (JPEG Image) image, such as Image, Video, JPG, PDF, BMP, PNG, GIF, TIFF, MP4, CR2, NEF, DNG, PSD, CRW, RAW, Canon Raw, Nikon Raw, Sony Raw, Pentax Raw, Fuji Raw, Kodak Raw, Panasonic Raw, Leica Raw, Samsung Raw, Sigma Raw, Olympus Raw, WMF, PCX, DJVU, EPS, DPX, CBR, CBZ, WEBP, HEIC, DOCX, DICOM, CR3, ARW, JFIF, TGA and more, or convert JPG image files to other image formats.
![Sony raw converter Sony raw converter](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/v0HLFN3irZE/hqdefault.jpg)
- Select a image file (such as *.jpg, *.jpeg, *.jp2, *.pdf, *.bmp, *.dib, *.png, *.gif, *.tiff, *.tif, *.mp4, *.m4b, *.m4v, *.h264, *.h265, *.264, *.265, *.hevc, *.cr2, *.nef, *.dng, *.psd, *.psb, *.crw, *.raw, *.cr3, *.nrw, *.arw, *.srf, *.sr2, *.pef, *.ptx, *.raf, *.dcs, *.dcr, *.drf, *.k25, *.kdc, *.rw2, *.rwl, *.srw, *.x3f, *.orf, *.wmf, *.emf, *.pcx, *.djvu, *.djv, *.eps, *.dpx, *.cbr, *.cbz, *.webp, *.heic, *.heif, *.docx, *.dcm, *.dcm30, *.dicom, *.jfif, *.tga).
- Click button 'Convert' to start upload your file.
- Once upload completed, converter will redirect a web page to show the conversion result.
Remark:
- If file upload process takes a very long time or no response or very slow, please try to cancel then submit again.
- This converter cannot support encrypted or protected image files.
- If you selected options, be sure to enter valid values.
- If file source is a URL, be sure to enter a complete and valid URL to your file.
- JPG (JPEG Image) is a lossy image compression format, compression method is usually lossy, based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT), encodings include: Sequential Encoding, Progressive Encoding, Lossless Encoding and Hierarchical Encoding. The file extensions can be .jpg, .jpeg, .jp2.
Convert Other File To JPG Converter:
Raw File Converter
- PDF to JPG
PDF (Portable Document Format) - BMP to JPG
BMP (Bitmap) - PNG to JPG
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) - GIF to JPG
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) - TIFF to JPG
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - MP4 to JPG
MP4 (MPEG-4 Video) - CR2 to JPG
CR2 (Canon RAW Version 2) - NEF to JPG
NEF (Nikon Electronic Format) - DNG to JPG
DNG (Digital Negative) - PSD to JPG
PSD (Photoshop Document) - CRW to JPG
CRW (Canon Raw Format) - RAW to JPG
RAW (RAW Image) - Canon Raw to JPG
Canon Raw (Canon Camera Raw Image) - Nikon Raw to JPG
Nikon Raw (Nikon Camera Raw Image) - Sony Raw to JPG
Sony Raw (Sony Camera Raw Image) - Pentax Raw to JPG
Pentax Raw (Pentax Camera Raw Image) - Fuji Raw to JPG
Fuji Raw (Fuji Camera Raw Image) - Kodak Raw to JPG
Kodak Raw (Kodak Camera Raw Image) - Panasonic Raw to JPG
Panasonic Raw (Panasonic Camera Raw Image) - Leica Raw to JPG
Leica Raw (Leica Camera Raw Image) - Samsung Raw to JPG
Samsung Raw (Samsung Camera Raw Image) - Sigma Raw to JPG
Sigma Raw (Sigma Camera Raw Image) - Olympus Raw to JPG
Olympus Raw (Olympus Camera Raw Image) - WMF to JPG
WMF (Windows Metafile) - PCX to JPG
PCX (PiCture eXchange) - DJVU to JPG
DjVu (DjVu Image) - EPS to JPG
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) - DPX to JPG
DPX (Digital Picture Exchange) - CBR to JPG
CBR (Comic Book RAR) - CBZ to JPG
CBZ (Comic Book ZIP) - WEBP to JPG
WEBP (Web Picture) - HEIC to JPG
HEIC (High Efficiency Image Container) - DOCX to JPG
DOCX (Office Open XML Document) - DICOM to JPG
DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) - CR3 to JPG
CR3 (Canon RAW Version 3) - ARW to JPG
ARW (Sony Alpha Digital Image) - JFIF to JPG
JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format) - TGA to JPG
TGA (Truevision Graphics Adapter)
Raw Photo Converter
- JPG to PDF
PDF (Portable Document Format) - JPG to BMP
BMP (Bitmap) - JPG to PNG
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) - JPG to GIF
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) - JPG to TIFF
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - JPG to WEBP
WEBP (Web Picture)